Indexing: The systematic application of codes from the agreed analytical framework to the whole dataset (see Additional File 1, Section 5). These texts can either be elicited texts (written specifically for the research, such as food diaries), or extant texts (pre-existing texts, such as meeting minutes, policy documents or weblogs), or can be produced by transcribing interview or focus group data, or creating ‘field’ notes while conducting participant-observation or observing objects or social situations. towards the general rather than the specific or anecdotal).Ĭharting: Entering summarized data into the Framework Method matrix (see Additional File 1, Section 6).Ĭode: A descriptive or conceptual label that is assigned to excerpts of raw data in a process called ‘coding’ (see Additional File 1, Section 3).ĭata: Qualitative data usually needs to be in textual form before analysis. ![]() While categories are closely and explicitly linked to the raw data, developing categories is a way to start the process of abstraction of the data (i.e. Categories and codes are usually arranged in a tree diagram structure in the analytical framework. The framework creates a new structure for the data (rather than the full original accounts given by participants) that is helpful to summarize/reduce the data in a way that can support answering the research questions.Īnalytic memo: A written investigation of a particular concept, theme or problem, reflecting on emerging issues in the data that captures the analytic process (see Additional file 1, Section 7).Ĭategories: During the analysis process, codes are grouped into clusters around similar and interrelated ideas or concepts. Finally, we discuss the strengths and limitations of the approach.Īnalytical framework: A set of codes organised into categories that have been jointly developed by researchers involved in analysis that can be used to manage and organise the data. Technical terms are included in the glossary (below). We then present a step-by-step guide to the application of the Framework Method, illustrated using a worked example (See Additional File 1) from a published study to illustrate the main stages of the process. We argue that while leadership is undoubtedly required from an experienced qualitative methodologist, non-specialists from the wider team can and should be involved in the analysis process. Furthermore, applied health research often has clinical representation and, increasingly, patient and public involvement. As well as disciplines familiar with qualitative research, such as nursing, psychology and sociology, teams often include epidemiologists, health economists, management scientists and others. ![]() Multi-disciplinary and mixed methods studies are becoming increasingly commonplace in applied health research. ![]() In particular, we explore how it can be used in multi-disciplinary health research teams. In this article we discuss when it is appropriate to use the Framework Method and how it compares to other qualitative analysis methods. The method originated in large-scale social policy research but is becoming an increasingly popular approach in medical and health research however, there is some confusion about its potential application and limitations. ![]() The Framework Method for the management and analysis of qualitative data has been used since the 1980s.
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